M. Hinrichs, P. W. Berenguer, J. Hilt, P. Hellwig, D. Schulz, A. Paraskevopoulos, K. L. Bober, R. Freund, V. Jungnickel, “A Power Efficient Physical Layer for Low Power Optical Wireless Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 2020

Abstract: Energy consumption is one of the critical issues inoptical wireless communications transmitter design and a limitingfactor to miniaturization and deployment in mobile devices. Inorder to reduce energy requirements, we assess a physical layerbased on high-bandwidth on-off keying modulation. The use ofon-off keying allows for highly efficient transmitter frontenddesigns that avoid operation of amplifier stages in a resistivemode, which has the potential of reducing their energy usage byan order of magnitude. Link-level simulations show that thisphysical layer can deal with typical frontend limitations andcan operate in challenging non-line-of-sight channels. For thesereasons, we believe that the solution evaluated here can delivera significant contribution to optical wireless communicationstechnology in a wide range of use case.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346020268_A_Physical_Layer_for_Low_Power_Optical_Wireless_Communications